The goddess Guanyin began in India as the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, originally a male deity. He gradually became indigenized as a female deity in China over the span of nearly a millennium. By the Ming (1358-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) periods, Guanyin had become the most popular female deity in China. In Becoming Guanyin, Yuhang Li examines how lay Buddhist women in late imperial China forged a connection with the subject of their devotion, arguing that women used their own bodies to echo that of Guanyin.

Li focuses on the power of material things to enable women to access religious experience and transcendence. In particular, she examines how secular Buddhist women expressed mimetic devotion and pursued religious salvation through creative depictions of Guanyin in different media such as painting and embroidery and through bodily portrayals of the deity using jewelry and dance. These material displays expressed a worldview that differed from yet fit within the Confucian patriarchal system. Attending to the fabrication and use of "women's things" by secular women, Li offers new insight into the relationships between worshipped and worshipper in Buddhist practice. Combining empirical research with theoretical insights from both art history and Buddhist studies, Becoming Guanyin is a field-changing analysis that reveals the interplay between material culture, religion, and their gendered transformations.

Becoming Guanyin: Artistic Devotion of Buddhist Women in Late Imperial China, Yuhang Li, Columbia University Press, Paperback, 299 pages, $40.00

Yuhang Li (P.h.D, East Asian Languages and Civilizations, Chicago) is Assistant Professor of Art History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She is the coauthor (with Judith Zeitlin) of Performing Images: Opera in Chinese Visual Culture (Smart Museum of Art, The University of Chicago, 2014) and has published articles in Nannu Men, Women, and Gender in China and Journal of East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine. She has also held postdoctoral appointments at the Department of Art History at Yale, Grinnell (Mellon Fellowship), and the Women's Studies in Religion Program at Harvard Divinity School.