Gandhara, the ancient name for the region around modern Peshawar in northern Pakistan, was of pivotal importance in the production of Buddhist texts and art in the first centuries CE. Since the mid-nineteenth century, excavations of Gandharan monastery sites have revolutionized the study of early Buddhism. Among the treasures unearthed are hundreds of reliquaries--containers housing relics of the Buddha.
This volume combines art history, Buddhist history, ancient Indian history, archaeology, epigraphy, linguistics, and numismatics to clarify the significance and function of these reliquaries. The story begins with the Buddha's last days, his death and funerary arrangements, and the distribution of the cremated remains, which initiated a relic cult. Chapters describe Gandharan reliquary types and subgroups, the archaeological and historical significance of collections, and the paleographic and linguistic interpretation of the inscriptions on the reliquaries.
The 400 reliquaries illustrated and surveyed are from museums and private collections in Pakistan, India, Japan, Europe, and North America. Stone is the primary material of construction, along with bronze, gold, and silver. Shapes range from spherical and cylindrical to miniature stupas, a configuration that provides valuable information about the history of this Buddhist monumental form.
David Jongeward is a visiting scholar at the Asian Institute, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Elizabeth Errington is curator of the Charles Masson Project, British Museum Department of Coins and Medals. Richard Salomon is professor of Asian languages and literature at the University of Washington. Stefan Baums is assistant adjunct professor of South and Southeast Asian studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and a research fellow at the School of Asian Studies, Leiden University.

DAVID JONGEWARD is a visiting scholar at the Asian Institute, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. ELIZABETH ERRINGTON is curator of the Charles Masson Project, British Museum Department of Coins and Medals. RICHARD SALOMON is professor of Asian Languages and Literature at the University of Washington. STEFAN BAUMS is assistant adjunct professor of South and Southeast Asian studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and a research fellow at the School of Asian Studies, Leiden University

Contents: GANDHRAN BUDDHIST RELIQUARIE by David Jongeward, Elizabeth Errington, Richard Salomon and Stefan Baums
Acknowledgments	vii
Introduction	ix
DAVID JONGEWARD
Chapter 1 The Buddha's Last Days	3
DAVID JONGEWARD
Chapter 2 The Buddha's Last Days as Portrayed in Gandharan Sculpture	9
DAVID JONGEWARD
Chapter 3 Survey of Gandharan Reliquaries	39
DAVID JONGEWARD
Chapter 4 Reliquaries in the British Museum	111
ELIZABETH ERRINGTON
Chapter 5 Gandharan Reliquary Inscriptions	164
RICHARD SALOMON
Chapter 6 Catalog and Revised Texts and Translations of Gandharan Reliquary Inscriptions	200
STEFAN BAUMS
Appendix Tables of Gandharan Reliquaries	253
DAVID JONGEWARD
Bibliography	297
Image Credits	312
Index	321