In the fifteenth century, the princess Chokyi Dronma was told by leading spiritual masters of her time that she was the embodiment of the ancient Indian tantric deity Vajravarahi, known in Tibetan as Dorje Phagmo, the Thunderbolt Female Pig. After suffering a great personal tragedy, Chokyi Dronma renounced her royal status to become a nun, and, in turn, the tantric consort of three outstanding religious masters of her era. After her death, some of Chokyi Dronma's masters and disciples recognized a young girl as her incarnation, the first in a long line of powerful and influential female reincarnations. Today, the twelfth Samding Dorje Phagmo leads the Samding Monastery and is a high government cadre in the Tibet Autonomous Region.

This volume centers on the translation of the first biography of Chokyi Dronma recorded by her disciples in the wake of her death. The text reveals an extraordinary phenomenon: although it had been believed that women in Tibet were not allowed to obtain full ordination equivalent to monks, Chokyi Dronma not only persuaded one of the highest spiritual teachers of her era to give her full ordination, but she also established orders for other women practitioners and became so revered that she was officially recognized as one of two principal spiritual heirs to her main master.

In this book, Hildegard Diemberger offers a number of theoretical arguments about the importance of reincarnation in Tibetan society and religion, the role of biographies in establishing a lineage, the necessity for religious teachers to navigate complex networks of political and financial patronage, the cultural and social innovation linked to the revival of ancient Buddhist civilizations, and the role of women in Buddhism. Four introductory, stage-setting chapters precede the biography, and four conclude the book, discussing the establishment of the reincarnation lineage and the role of the current incarnation under the peculiarly contradictory aegis of the communist system.

When a Woman Becomes a Religious Dynasty: The Samding Dorje Phagmo of Tibet, Hildegard Diemberger, Columbia University Press, Paperback, 394 pages, $36.00

Hildegard Diemberger is the Research Director of Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit (MIASU) at University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Pembroke College. Trained as a social anthropologist and Tibetologist at Vienna University, she has published numerous books and articles on the anthropology and the history of Tibet and the Himalaya as well as on the Tibetan-Mongolian interface, including the monograph When a Woman becomes a Religious Dynasty: the Samding Dorje Phagmo of Tibet (Columbia University Press 2007), the edited volume Tibetan Printing -- Comparisons, Continuities and Change (Brill 2016) and the edited volume Cosmopolitical Ecologies across Asia. Places of Power in Changing Environments (Routledge 2021). She has designed and coordinated a number of research projects funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council, the British Academy, the Newton Trust, the Austrian Science Fund, the Italian National Research Council and The Research Council of Norway.

List of Illustrations
Foreword, by Marilyn Strathern
Preface
Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I
1. The World of Chokyi Dronma
2. The Life of Chokyi Dronma
3. The Manuscript and Its Enigmas
4. Princess, Nun, Yogini
Part II
Translation of the Biography of the Venerable Chokyi Dronma
Part III
5. Succession and Spiritual Lineages: Meaning and Mysteries of Chokyi Dronma's Reincarnation
6. "Lady of the Lake": The Dorje Phagmo at Samding
7. Dorje Phagmo in the Twentieth Century: Embodied Divinity and Government Cadre
8. The Living Tradition and the Legacy of the Princess
Epilogue
Twin Reincarnation Line and Tentative Chronology
The Families of Chokyi Dronma
Notes
References
Index